Study on the identification of authenticity of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix and other five kinds of Chinese herbal pieces by SEM-EDS
扫描电镜能谱仪对西洋参等五种中药饮片的真伪鉴别研究

摘要

目的 为了探索鉴别真伪中药饮片新的方法，同时也为了推动扫描电镜能谱仪（SEM-EDS）在中药鉴别领域的应用，选取西洋参、甘草、黄芪、玛卡和白芍五种中药饮片作为实验对象。方法 首先使用人工手段对上述五种饮片进行提取以制取假药模型饮片。然后使用SEM-EDS对以上5种真伪模型饮片分别进行微观形貌和能谱元素比较分析。结果 5种真伪饮片在二次电子（SED）模式下微观形貌上具有显著区别：原药饮片均能在不同倍数下观测到以椭球型为代表的淀粉物，假药模型饮片更多呈现疏松蜂窝状，几乎或很少观测到应有的淀粉物；但在能谱元素方面，假药饮片较原饮片主要元素成分并没有多少改变。结论 SEM-EDS对真伪中药饮片在微观形貌可做出特异性区分，在真伪中药饮片鉴别方面具有实用意义；在能谱元素成分方面由于不具有特异性，后续可不用做过多研究。

Abstract

Objective In order to explore a new method of the identification of authenticity of Chinese herbal pieces, and also, in order to promote the application of Scanning Electron Microscope EnergySpectrometer (SEM-EDS) in this area. Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix EtRhizoma, Astragali Radix, Maca and Paeoniae Radix Alba were selected as the experimental subjects. Method First of all, the above five kinds of Chinese herbal pieces were extracted by artificial means to prepare the fake medicine model pieces. Then SEM-EDS was used to compare and analyze the morphology and energy spectrum elements of the above five fake slices and crude ones. Result The results showed that there were significant differences in the microscopic morphology of the five kinds of Chinese herbal pieces in the mode of Secondary Electron (SED) :the starch, represented by ellipsoidal type, could be observed in different multiples of the crude drug slices, the slices of the fake medicine model showed more loose honeycomb, and the starch was almost or rarely observed; But in the energy spectrum element aspect, the fake slices compared with the crude ones, the main element composition did not change too much.
Conclusion   It can be seen that SEM-EDS can distinguish the true and fake Chinese herbal pieces in microscopic morphology, which has practical significance in the identification of genuine and false Chinese herbal pieces; due to the lack of specificity in the composition of energy spectrum elements,you don't have to do too much research any more.